Are you considering bringing a Newfoundland dog into your home? These gentle giants are known for their sweet temperament and loyal nature. However, like any breed, Newfoundland dogs are prone to certain health issues. In this article, we will explore the most common health problems seen in Newfoundland dogs and provide tips on how to prevent and manage them.
Eye Conditions
Entropian
Entropion is a condition where the eyelids roll inward, causing irritation and discomfort to the eye. This is a common inherited defect in many dogs, including Newfoundlands. In puppies, a procedure called “tacking” can be done to treat entropion. Older dogs may require surgical correction.
Ectropian
Ectropian is the opposite of entropion, where the eyelids roll outward. This condition can lead to chronic eye infections and may require surgery for treatment.
Skin Conditions
Allergies/Dermatitis
Newfoundland dogs are prone to skin infections due to allergies. These allergies can be caused by food, environmental factors, or seasonal reactions. Proper grooming and a balanced diet can help prevent and manage skin allergies in Newfoundlands.
Hot Spots
Hot spots are a type of skin dermatitis that can spread quickly and be challenging to care for. They can be caused by allergies, parasites, bacterial infections, or self-inflicted due to anxiety. Regular grooming and proper diet can help reduce the risk of hot spots in Newfoundlands.
Ear Infections
Newfoundlands have large, heavy ears with narrow canals, making them prone to ear infections. These infections are often caused by allergies and improper ear care. Regular maintenance and cleaning of the ears can help prevent ear infections in Newfoundlands.
Heart Problems
Dilated Cardio-Myopathy (DCM)
DCM is a disease of the heart muscle that weakens contractions and impairs pumping ability. This condition can be caused by a lack of taurine in the diet or genetic factors. Regular health checks performed by a responsible breeder can help lower the risk of DCM in Newfoundlands.
Sub-Valvular Aortic Stenosis (SAS)
SAS is a common heart defect in dogs, especially in Newfoundlands. It occurs when there is additional tissue below the aortic valve, creating an obstruction and making the heart work harder. SAS is a hereditary condition, and heart clearances done by a responsible breeder can help lower the risk.
Skeletal Issues
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a congenital disease that affects the hip joints. It causes the joints to become loose and leads to arthritis. Proper evaluation of breeding stock can help lower the risk of hip dysplasia in Newfoundlands.
Elbow Dysplasia
Elbow dysplasia refers to several conditions that can affect the elbow joint. These conditions can cause lameness and elbow pain in affected dogs. Evaluation of breeding stock can help reduce the risk of elbow dysplasia in Newfoundlands.
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
OCD is the abnormal maturation of cartilage and can affect the shoulders, elbows, and knees. Environmental factors such as diet, activity, and trauma can contribute to the development of OCD. Proper exercise and care throughout a dog's life may lower the risk of OCD.
Torn Cruciate Ligament (ACL tear)
ACL tears are common issues seen in Newfoundland dogs. They occur when the cruciate ligaments inside the knee joint are damaged. Weight maintenance and waiting until the growth plates close before spaying or neutering may help lower the risk of ACL tears.
Luxating Patella
Luxating patella is a condition where the kneecap pops out of place. While more commonly seen in small dogs, it can also affect giant breeds like Newfoundlands. The severity of the condition can vary, and surgery may be required for severe cases.
Panosteitis (Pano)
Pano is a painful inflammatory bone disease that affects large breed puppies. It can cause lameness and difficulty in movement. Slow and steady growth can help lower the risk of Pano in Newfoundlands.
Arthritis
Arthritis is a common health issue seen in many Newfoundland dogs. It can affect their joints, spine, and neck. Keeping Newfoundlands at a healthy weight and providing low-impact exercise can help reduce the risk of arthritis.
Newfie Neck
Newfie neck refers to issues such as a pinched nerve, slipped disc, or arthritis in the neck area. Newfoundlands' large heads can strain the neck, especially when using collars or engaging in strenuous activities. Using a walking harness instead of a collar may lower the risk.
Intestinal/Digestive Problems
Bloat
Bloat, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists. It requires immediate veterinary attention. Familiarize yourself with the symptoms and have a plan in place to address bloat if it occurs.
Megaesophagus
Megaesophagus is a disorder where the esophagus loses its ability to move food into the stomach. This can lead to regurgitation and difficulty in gaining weight. There are congenital and acquired forms of megaesophagus. Management typically involves feeding in an upright position and providing small, frequent meals.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
IBD is a condition where a dog's stomach and/or intestine become inflamed due to an increased number of inflammatory cells. The cause of IBD is not well understood, but it can be managed through diet and medication.
Neurologic Disorders
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by seizures and disturbances in consciousness. While the exact cause is unknown, it can be hereditary or caused by other factors such as liver disease, kidney failure, brain tumors, trauma, or toxins.
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM)
DM is a progressive neurologic disease that affects the hind legs and eventually leads to paralysis. It is more common in certain breeds, including Newfoundlands. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help delay the progression of DM.
Cancers
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphocyte cells of the immune system. It can affect various organs and systems in the body. Early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis for dogs with lymphoma.
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer that primarily affects large and giant breed dogs. It is more common in the long bones and can lead to limb amputation. Early detection and treatment options such as surgery and chemotherapy may help prolong a dog's life.
Blood Disorders
Thrombopathia
Thrombopathia is an inherited blood clotting disorder that can cause increased bleeding in affected dogs. While it is a low-risk condition, it's essential to be aware of the signs and seek veterinary care if necessary.
Von Willebrand's Disease
Von Willebrand's disease is an inherited bleeding disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. Affected dogs may experience prolonged bleeding times and are prone to bleeding episodes. Care should be taken during surgical procedures or trauma situations.
Immune System Health Issues
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a common condition in Newfoundland dogs where the body is deficient in thyroid hormone. This deficiency can lead to weight gain, lethargy, and other symptoms. Regular thyroid checks and proper medication can help manage this condition.
Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia Gravis is a condition that causes muscle weakness due to a lack of acetylcholine receptors. While it can be congenital or acquired, it is a low-risk condition in Newfoundlands.
Kidney Issues
Cystinuria
Cystinuria is a genetic kidney defect that affects Newfoundlands more severely than other breeds. It leads to the formation of cystine stones in the kidney and bladder. Proper screening by responsible breeders can help reduce the risk of passing on this condition.
Respiratory Issues
Laryngeal Paralysis
Laryngeal paralysis occurs when the nerves controlling the muscles in the throat degenerate, causing respiratory obstruction. This condition can make breathing difficult for affected dogs. Surgical intervention may be required in severe cases.
How to Avoid Common Health Problems in Newfoundland Dogs
While it's impossible to completely eliminate the risk of health problems, there are steps you can take to minimize them. When looking for a Newfoundland dog breeder, ask to see health clearances such as cardiologist checks and Cystinuria testing. Familiarize yourself with the signs and symptoms of common health issues and have a plan in place to address emergencies like bloat. Provide your Newfoundland with a balanced diet, maintain a healthy weight, and engage in regular veterinary check-ups.
Remember, Newfoundlands can live long, healthy lives with proper care and attention. By being proactive and informed, you can give your Newfoundland the best chance at a happy and healthy life.
Keys to Take Away:
- Newfoundland dogs are prone to certain health issues, including eye conditions, skin conditions, heart problems, skeletal issues, intestinal/digestive problems, neurologic disorders, cancers, blood disorders, immune system health issues, kidney issues, respiratory issues, and more.
- Regular health checks and clearances performed by responsible breeders can help lower the risk of inherited health problems.
- Proper diet, weight management, exercise, grooming, and veterinary care are essential for maintaining the overall health of Newfoundland dogs.
- Being aware of the signs and symptoms of common health issues can help you take prompt action and seek veterinary care when necessary.
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